Chief Audit Executive as Supervisory Board Member and Executive Compensation Contracts

This paper studies a unique phenomenon in China's corporate governance—that chief audit executives (CAEs) sit on supervisory boards (CAE duality)—and examines its effects on executive compensation contracts. Using a sample of listed firms between 2010 and 2018, we find a significant positive relation between CAE duality and pay-for-performance sensitivity, which suggests that the dual position helps integrate monitoring resources and reduces agency costs. This positive relation is more pronounced when companies face a stricter monitoring environment and in non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) than in SOEs. In addition, we find that the recent reforms on compensation strengthen the role of CAE duality in SOEs. Further analysis identifies the reliability of performance information (i.e., earnings quality) and reduced executive self-interested behaviours (i.e., perquisite consumption) as the influencing mechanisms that increase the demand for performance-based compensation and thus improve pay-for-performance sensitivity.     

Determinants of China's bilateral trade balance in global value chains

This paper identifies the determinants of China's bilateral trade balance using a new measure based on international input–output data, the so-called ‘trade in value-added’ (TiVA), which can prevent double counting in the estimation of bilateral trade balance. Our results show that using a measure based on gross exports, rather than TiVA, causes relatively large overestimation of the impact of the RMB exchange rate on China's bilateral trade balance. This overestimation is mainly because that the increasing production of exports may require increasing intermediate imports as a consequence of international fragmentation of production in global value chains. In addition, our results also show that the impact of FDI inflows on China's bilateral trade balances depends on the position and role of China and its trading partners in GVCs.     

一种USB测控应答机的健壮捕获算法

在统一S频段（USB）测控应答机中频数字化处理的基础上，提出了一种健壮的相位调制(PM)信号捕获算法。针对USB测控应答机输入信号存在副载波时捕获易于假锁的问题，采用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)与锁频锁相环结合的算法，利用PM信号频谱对称的特点，快速获得残差载波的正确频率，防止捕获到副载波信号或者其他干扰信号上；采用锁频锁相环实现PM信号的精确捕获与跟踪，适应USB测控应答机大动态多普勒变化及高灵敏度的要求。通过仿真试验验证了该方案载波正确捕获的有效性，且接收灵敏度达到-121 dBm。     

基于多元数据分析的城市通风廊道规划策略研究——以北京副中心为例

城市通风廊道是提升城市通透性,改善城市微循环,减缓热岛效应的有效途径之一。通过建设通风廊道让城市"呼吸"起来,可以有效减轻热岛效应,增强空气流动性,提高人体舒适度。基于通州区建设大背景及热点问题,分析了国内外典型案例,利用通州国家级气象站多年观测记录及周边地区气象资料、通州城区1:2000建筑基础地理信息数据和德国高分辨率卫星影像Rapid(5m分辨率)、通州区2015年土地利用现状图及规划图等,分析了通州及周边地区的风环境,研究了通州城区天空开阔度和地表粗糙程度,得出了通风潜力的空间分布。同时,利用卫星遥感资料,分析了热环境的空间分布。提出了通州城区通风廊道规划原则和建议。     

关于加快农田水利供给侧改革的几点思考

我国灌溉面积位居世界第一,主要矛盾由总量不足转变为结构性矛盾,深入推进供给侧结构性改革提上议程。针对存在的主要结构性矛盾,研究提出系统解决方案,即调整结构、去除库存、提升品质、降低成本、补齐短板。调整结构重点是严格落实"以水定地",着力以水资源、水生态、水环境承载能力倒逼灌溉面积调整;去除库存重点是依法实施"僵尸"工程降等报废,及时办理注销登记;提升品质重点是大力发展高效节水灌溉,提升灌溉服务质量;降低成本重点是深化国有灌区管理体制改革,创新"最后一公里"管理模式;补齐短板重点是坚持统分结合、重点在统的原则推进农田水利产权改革,深化农业水价综合改革,建立准确补贴机制。     

河北省北部山区农村生态环境治理及绩效评价

[目的]农村生态环境是一个复杂的系统,严重的生态环境问题制约着农村经济的发展以及新农村建设,探讨其治理和绩效,有利于解决生态环境建设中的各种问题,对于区域发展具有重要的理论和实践意义。[方法]文章通过构建农村生态环境治理及绩效评价指标体系,采用层次分析法确定各个指标的权重以及灰色关联法分析各指标间的灰色关联度。[结果]河北省北部山区农村生态环境治理绩效评价指标体系要素层中权重值大小依次为生态经济(0. 483 9)、生态环境(0. 273 6)、生态人居(0. 137 1)、生态保护(0. 105 4),说明该地区农村经济水平已达到一定水平,但生态环境、生态保护等仍有待提高。灰色关联法计算结果表明河北省北部山区生态环境中关联系数最高的是畜禽粪便处理率(0. 754),生态经济中关联系数最高的是农民人均纯收入(0. 624),生态保护中关联系数最高的是化肥施用量(0. 846),生态人居中关联系数最高的是饮用水合格率(0. 682),而关联度大小依次为生态保护(0. 724)、生态环境(0. 662)、生态人居(0. 573)、生态经济(0. 543),说明该地区生态环境治理仍有很大空间。[结论]研究结果指出河北省北部山区农村生态环境治理的不足,为进一步完善区域生态环境具有重要的指导意义。     

Online marketing: When to offer a refund for advanced sales

Advance selling is a marketing strategy commonly used by online retailers to increase sales by exploiting consumer valuation uncertainty. Recently, some online retailers have started to allow refunds on products sold in advance. On the one hand this reduces the net advance sales, but on the other hand it allows a higher advance sales price. This research is the first to explore the overall effect of allowing a refund on profits from advance sales, identifying conditions where advance selling with or without refunds (or no advance selling at all) is best. We analytically compare the profits of three advance selling strategies: none, without refund, and with refund. We show that selling in advance and allowing a refund is optimal for products with a relatively small profit margin and small strategic market size, and that the added profit can be considerable. Our results guide managers in selecting the right advance selling strategy. To facilitate this, we graphically display, based on the two dimensions of regular profit margin and strategic market size, under what conditions the different strategies are optimal.     

X频段高频谱纯度频率合成器设计

针对高灵敏度接收机对频率合成器的高技术指标要求，构建了一种融合了直接模拟、直接数字以及间接数字的频率合成技术方案，根据该方案，成功实现了频率合成器的工程研制。通过测试，频率合成器相位噪声达-112 dBc/Hz@5 kHz，杂散抑制优于-75 dBc，频率分辨率小于1 kHz，10 MHz跳频时间约为13 μs，满足了高灵敏度接收机对频率合成器的高技术指标要求，为高纯度频率合成器的实现提供了一条新途径。     

Doing more and doing better are two different entities: Different patterns of family control and environmental performance

Family firms bear two types of agency costs, including type I and type II agency problems, in corporate environmental practices: (1) Outside executives at family firms hesitate to engage in environmental strategies, which can lead to drops in profits; (2) Controlling families employ opportunistically environmental management to achieve their interests. We argue that a primary cause for the agency problems lies on ineffective internal corporate governance at family firms, which can cause loss of managerial (or power) balance between outside executives and family executives. Our findings show that family firms with ownership and strategic control (FSC), which family executives and outside executives monitor and constrain each other, can achieve the highest environmental performance. Moreover, external controls, including product market competition and provincial environmental regulations, substitute effective internal control of FSC. The environmental performance premium of FSC is more prevalent when the production market competition is lower. Family firms with ownership, operational, and strategic control (FOSC) can achieve higher environmental performance within a province with more stringent environmental regulations.     

城市信用建设制度化实践的影响因素、区域差异与创新发展

通过对主要城市信用法规数据的梳理,从经济发展、城市治理、信用意识、城市特质等多角度探讨了城市信用建设制度化实践的影响因素.研究发现人均GRP、第三产业发展、信用意识、失业率显著正向影响城市信用建设制度化实践;异质性分析表明西、中、东部地区城市基于不同驱动因素而表现为"学习型"、"回应型"与"变革型"的制度化实践与创新方式;因此可分别通过加强城市信息化建设、推进城市信用宣传教育以及城市信用制度体系化等措施促进信用建设制度化实践的发展.